Introduction By Vangelis, Sei Labs Research for Sei Research Initiative. Special thanks to Niko for feedback and contributions. In October 2023, the Ethereum Foundation lost $9,101 in a sandwich attack while swapping 1.7 ETH via Uniswap V3. The MEV bot frontran the transaction, extracting $4,060 in profit

By Ben Marsh, Sei Labs Research for Sei Research Initiative. Introduction One of the notable things about Autobahn, the consensus protocol used in the Sei Giga proof of concept, is the existence of concurrent rather than sequential block production. When a validator is creating a block they are doing so

Introduction Since Vitalik’s post about RISC-V the different approaches to VMs have come back to the front of everyone’s mind. In this post we recap a handful of approaches, run over their technical underpinnings and highlight some pros and cons of the approaches. The approaches in this work

Market participants, humans (as long as AI is not conscious and follows humans’ intents), are ultimately the ones that determine the value of an asset and behavioral economics have proven that most humans do not act as rational agents.  When we attempt to evaluate blockchain networks we often fall into

Introduction Unlike earlier PoS designs, Tendermint offered deterministic guarantees for consensus and eliminated the possibility of forks, which became a very influential model for modern PoS blockchains. However it still faces throughput limitations due to its single-proposer architecture. Sei Giga is using the Autobahn consensus mechanism, which is based on

From unimodal to multimodal LLMs LLMs evolved from unimodal systems that process single data types (e.g., text) to multimodal systems capable of understanding and generating diverse modalities such as text, images, audio, video, and more. The introduction of transformer architecture in 2017 marked a pivotal moment in the history

When we last discussed the emergence of the next billion agents, we outlined an architectural framework to support this coming wave. Soon, individuals won’t just have one AI agent but an entire army of them, executing tasks on their behalf. AI systems now outperform specialized human experts, with models

Introduction Blockchain transaction ordering is a complex, high-stakes process. Block producers don't simply list transactions in the order they appear; instead, they solve a problem similar to the knapsack problem, selecting the mix of transactions that maximizes fee revenue while staying within block size or gas limits. Once

Federated Learning (FL) and blockchain technology are emerging as a powerful combination for building decentralized AI systems. In FL, multiple devices or organizations collaboratively train an AI model without sharing their raw data, preserving privacy. A blockchain can provide a tamper-proof, decentralized infrastructure to coordinate this training and govern the

The Next Billion Users: AI Agents, Not Humans It seems that every week there’s a new major announcement in AI. We’re clearly standing at the threshold of something quite profound, something at least as profound as the internet has been. Another shift in digital interactions. The next billion

The Sei Labs team were able to get 5 gigagas throughput in a 40-node network distributed across 4 regions in an internal devnet. This is a significant step forward in our mission to scale blockchain infrastructure for the next billion users. This post is the first in a series diving

Imagine the day when you wake up on a summer morning and the dull repetitive aspects of your life are already handled for you and all you have to worry about is doing whatever you want to do. Your AI agents are trading on your behalf and managing your portfolio,

Following Sei Protocol’s recent Giga announcement outlining the path to achieving 5 gigagas per second on the EVM, we identified several key areas for optimization. One bottleneck in the existing Sei Giga protocol prototype that jumped out was the issue of signature recovery and verification. We wondered, given the

By Ben Marsh - Sei Labs Research for Sei Research Initiative Special thanks to Jake, and Naman for feedback and discussions. The Sei blockchain is not just another high performance network. It is the bedrock on which new, trust-anchored data solutions can thrive. Approximately 95% of humanity's data

Special thanks to Yannis, Gurnoor, Pavel, Ren, Lefteris, and Evan for feedback and discussions. Introduction In this post, we'll clarify the concepts of sequential, concurrent, and parallel execution in blockchains, highlight the differences between dependent and independent transactions—both abstractly and specifically in Ethereum's EVM—and

Special thanks to Philippe Dumonet, Lefteris Kokoris-Kogias, Patryk Krasnicki, dcbuilder.eth, Evan Pappas, Rishin Sharma, Anastasios Andronidis, for feedback and discussions. Introduction The storage layer of blockchain virtual machines is critical as it manages persistent data such as smart contracts and accounts, as well as their internal states and variables.